Mutant Name: pen(penetration)1

Gene Name PEN1
Protein Name Syntaxin, SYP121
Mutagen EMS
Category forward genetics
Organism Arabidopsis thaliana
Ecotype Col
Donor
General Description 1.PEN1 is required for basal penetration resistance and non-host resistance against barley powdery mildew.
2.The onset of papillae formation was found to be significantly delayed in the pen1-1 mutant.
3.The pen1/syp122-1 double mutant is both severely dwarfed and necrotic.
Organ Specificity 1.Expression of PEN1's closest homologue, SYP122, is responsive to infection. SYP122 is significantly expressed in vegetative tissues.
2.GFP-PEN1 and CFP-SYP122 fusion proteins were shown to be both intact and functional and localized to the plasma membrane. Upon infection with both the host and nonhost powdery mildews, GFP-PEN1 and CFP-SYP122 accumulate at papillae.
Impact on Wall 1.The syp122-1 mutant has a primary cell wall defect.
Impact on Sugar Composition 1.The pen1 / syp122-1 double mutants, harvested before or after lesioning, showed a complex change in cell wall monosaccharide content, with a slight but significant (p < 0.03) increase in fucose, arabinose, and mannose.
Reference 1. Collins, N.C. et al. (2003). SNARE-protein-mediated disease resistance at the plant cell wall. Nature 425, 973-977.

2. Assaad, FF et al. The PEN1 Syntaxin Defines a Novel Cellular Compartment upon Fungal Attack and Is Required for the Timely Assembly of Papilla. Mol Biol Cell. Vol. 15, Issue 11, 5118-5129, November 2004